聚焦轨道交通系统从规划、装备到运营服务的设计认知与方法体系，探索面向复杂约束下的设计创新路径。研究以设计科学为基础，整合人因工程、模块化架构、弹性设计与安全冗余等理论工具，建立轨道交通设计的核心知识框架。关注设计方法的形式化表达与可操作化流程，包括用户行为建模、场景任务分析、多目标权衡决策及系统集成验证。通过案例推演与原型实验，提炼面向不同制式（地铁、轻轨、市域铁路）的设计准则与评价体系，推动轨道交通设计从经验驱动向理论驱动的方法跃迁。

Focusing on the design cognition and methodological system of rail transit systems from planning and equipment to operational services, this research explores innovative design pathways under complex constraints. Based on design science, it integrates theoretical tools such as human factors engineering, modular architecture, resilient design, and safety redundancy to establish a core knowledge framework for rail transit design. Attention is given to the formal expression of design methods and operationalizable processes, including user behavior modeling, scenario task analysis, multi-objective trade-off decision-making, and system integration verification. Through case simulation and prototype experimentation, design guidelines and evaluation systems are distilled for different types of rail transit (metro, light rail, suburban railway), promoting a shift in rail transit design from experience-driven to theory-driven approaches.